Drywall and sanding dust is much finer than household dust. It floats, it settles on every horizontal surface, and it finds its way inside vents, cupboards, and light fixtures. Wipe it once and it simply resettles a few hours later.
The fix is working in the right order. Start at the ceiling and work down: light fixtures, the tops of doors and frames, walls, then shelves and counters. Vacuum before wiping, so you're removing dust rather than spreading it into a paste.
Don't forget the places dust hides: inside new cabinets and drawers, vent covers, window tracks, and the backs of doors. These areas are usually what's still releasing dust days after a quick clean.
Finish with the floors, and expect to wash them more than once. A proper post-renovation clean takes longer than a regular visit, but it's the difference between a new kitchen you enjoy and one you keep dusting for a month.